Considering a unification between Brazil and Peru, we bring here what the new numbers would be like, in faunal terms. This is a very formal analysis, based primarily on the Brazilian Metazoa (SEE), referrd to here by [1], blog and its linked references. Many of the numbers were obtained from manual listings and counting of references, and certainly the breadth of the text proposed here is quite incipient, but quite interesting.
For former Peru, no consistent data was found for 9 phyla: Acoelomorpha, Platyhelmynthes, Entoporcta, Ectoprocta and Nematoda (SEE); absences full of also nine phyla: Placozoa (SEE), Rhombozoa, Orthonectida, Xenoturbellida, Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Loricifera and Micrognathozoa [1].
PORIFERA
Only 29 spp. of Porifera would occur in Peru (Recinos et al., Zootaxa, 2020), being nine Hexactinellida, ten Calcarea, and ten Demospongiae, and 390 in Brazil [1]. Gob/PE (SEE) cites 21 spp. in region. Overall, Brazil would have in four clades: Demospongiae (383), Calcarea (78), Hexactinellida (26), Homoscleromorpha (7), if no species is common to both coasts. Mexico includes 517 spp. of Demospongiae (SEE).
CTENOPHORA
Six Ctenophora occur in Peru (corrobored by Gob/PE, SEE), only one species from the Pacific coast does not occur in the Atlantic: Pleurobrachia bachei (Oliveira et al., Zootaxa, 2016), a new genus for counting, but his family already occurs in Brazil. Brazil world be 14 spp. (✕ 33 in Mexico).
CNIDARIA
By Oliveira et al. (Zootaxa, 2016), in Scyphozoa, Peruvian coast has only three spp. absent in Atlantic coast: Nausithoe rubra, Chrysaora plocamia (new species among Brazilian genera), and Phacellophora camtschatica, a new family record (Phacellophoridae). In Myxozoa, only six species occur in Peru, all endemics and within Brazilian genera except Pseudalataspora scombri in Alatosporidae, a new family record for Brazilian (Vidal, Thesis, 2017). In Cuboazoa none spp. is added; Polypodiozoa does not occur in South America; no data for Anthozoa and Hydrozoa. After thiese numbers, Mexico has 289 spp. in Cubozoa (3 ✕ 5 Brazil), Scyphozoa (20 ✕ 25 Brazil) and Hydrozoa (266 ✕ at least 348 Brazil) overall (Conabio vol. 85, 2014), also 37 in Myxozoa (✕ 111 Brazil).
CHAETOGNATHA
P. Ayón et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2008, corrobored by Gob/PE, SEE) cites 15 spp. to Peru, in three genera (Kronitta, Sagitta, Pterosagitta), all these also in Atlantic side. Brazil would be 25 spp. in ths phyllum.
ROTIFERA
ACANTHOCEPHALA
5 genera occur in Peru, all also in E Brazil, by Amin (UNAN, 2000): Gigantorhynchus (Gigantorhynchidae), Paracavisonta (Cavisomidae), Luehia (Plagiorhynchidae), Polymorphus (Polymorphidaeorphidae) and Gorytocephalus (Neoechinorhynchidae).
GASTROTRICHA
ANELLIDA
Anellida includes 21 lineages, 17 in Peru, 14 of them marine polychaets; non Clitellata diversity in Peru includes (47:137/)192 spp. Clitellata includes (14:)109 spp. in country; Gob/PE (SEE) cites 275 spp. in Peru.
For Peru, Aguirre & Canales (Poliquetos de Sudamerica, 2017, pg, 101) provides data for 11 full lineages (Palaeoannelida, Chaetopteridae, Amphinomida, Eunicida, Phyllodocida, Orbiniida, Cirratuliformia, Sabellida, Sabelariida, Spionida, Ophellida, Arenicollida), partial Capitellidae clade of Capitellidae/Echiura branch; and three unplaced families (Cossuridae, Paraonidae, Myzostomidae); Sipuncula clade and Echiura clade in Capitellidae/Echiura has their own sources. Clitellata also has their own sources. Protodriliformia, Siboglinidae, Terebelliformia and Scalibregmatidae + Travisia does not occur in Peru.
Unclear Annelids: two families in Peru: Cossuridae (1/1), and Paraonidae (1/1).
Palaeoannelida ‣ 127 spp.; includes two families, Magelonidae and Oweniidae, only the former in Peru, with 2 spp.
Chaetopteridae ‣ 79 spp., in a single homonymous family, only one spp. in Peru.
Amphinomida ‣ 221 spp. in two families, Amphinomidae and Euphrosinidae, only the former in Peru, with two spp. in two genera.
Sipuncula ‣ 162 spp. worldwide in 17 genera of six families; only three species of Sipuncula was described for Peru, all in a family each: Sipinculus nudus, known also in Puerto Rico and Chile (Berru & Berru, Cientifica, 2013); Golfingia catharinae and Themiste hennahi (Tarifeno & Rojas, SNFE, 1978), both also in Chile. Gob/PE (SEE) cites 4 spp. for this region.
Eunicida ‣ 1,397 spp. in eight families (plus Histriobdellidae), with 27 spp. in 15 genera at 5 families in Peru.
Phyllodocida ‣ 3,300 spp.; in Peru occur 107 spp. in 58 genera at 18 families.
Orbiniida ‣ 222 spp. in 5 families, Orbiniidae in Peru, with 5 spp. in three genera; this clade includes the very enigmatic Parergodrilidae.
Cirratuliformia ‣ 880 spp. in 13 families; includes 25 spp. 13 genera at 6 families in Peru.
Sabellida ‣ 1,151 spp. in two families, Sabeliidae and Serpuliidae, both in Peru, with 9 spp. in six genera.
Sabellariidae ‣ 135 spp. in a single family Sabelariidae, with two spp. in a single genus in Peru.
Spionida ‣ 649 spp. in 8-9 families worldwide, only Spionidae in Peru, with 7 spp. in 5 genera.
Capitellida/Echiura ‣ due to high inconclusion among phylogenies, this clade is treated here including two groups: Echuira and Capitellida s.s.
Echiura ‣ only one species of Echiura was described for Peru, Ochetostoma baronii, known also in Chile (Paz & Chapoñán, Cientifica, 2016).
Capitellida s.s. ‣ originally included three families, but with the emancipation of Arenicolidae, only two are in this group today: Capitellidae Grube, 1862 and Maldanidae Malmgren, 1867., both in Peru (3 spp. in 3 genera).
Ophellida ‣ 167 spp. in a single family; 3 spp. in a single genus in Peru.
Arenicolida ‣ 273 spp. in a single family; a single species in Peru.
Clittelata ‣ Clitellata non-Hirundinae (non monophyletic assemblage) has nine families in Peru (87 spp. in area), all also in E Brazil (SEE); in Hirundinea, Peru has 9 genera and 24 spp. in 5 families [1]: Helobdella (12), Orchibdella (1), Banchardiella (1), Cylicobdella (1), Hirudo (1), Semiscolex (2), Diestocoma (1), Haementeria (2), Trybothryobdella (1), Theromyzon (2). Two families (Cyclobdellidae and Xerobdellidae), 11 species and 4 genera absents in Brazil.
MOLLUSCA
Peru has 1,910 molluscan species recorded (1,228 in Gob/PE, SEE), in sea (1,018: 570 gastropods, 370 bivalves, 36 cephalopods, 34 polyplacoforans, 3 monoplacophorans, 3 scaphopods and two aplacophorans), land (763) and freshwater (129, 40 bivalvia and 89 gastropoda), by Ramírez et al. (Rev. Biol. Trop., 2003).
Among the exclusively marine classes at Brazilian numbers, for Aplacophora added both two spp., one genera and the family Simrothiellidae; Monoplacophora added the entire class, with 3 spp. in two genera and families: Neopilia in Neopilidae, and Vema in Vemidae; Scaphopoda added 3 spp. in genera who occur also in Atlantic Brazil; Polyplacophora added 32 spp., 5 genera (Radsiella, Placiphorella and three in Chitonidae), families Mopaliidae and Chitonidae in Brazil numbers (only one, Stenoplax limaciformis, occur in both coast); Cephalopoda added the family Ctenopterygidae, eight genera and only 20 spp., since 16 occur on both coasts.
A land snails, excepting introduced families (Limacidae, Milacidae, Helicidae, Zonitidae, Helicarionidae), only Pupillidae does not occur in Brazil (see Mollus.ca). As Peru has at least 302 spp. more than Bulimidae, 74 more than Clausiidae and 9 more than Neocyclodidae, at least 387 terrestrial gastropods would add to the Brazilian amount. Three new genera of Veronicellidae was cited for Brazil: Colosius (5, Colombia to Peru and Hispaniola), Heterovaginia (1), Montivaginullus (1), these endemics.
Brazilian numbers if merged with Peru compared with Mexico: terrestrial Gastropoda (1,121-1,497 ✕ 1,184 Mexico), freshwater Gastropoda (117-206 ✕ 193 Mexico), marine Gastropoda (1,837-2,507 ✕ 3,127 Mexico), freshwater Bivalvia (116-156 ✕ [?] Mexico), marine Bivalvia (513-883 ✕ 1,202 Mexico), Aplacophora (18 ✕ 1 Mexico), Monoplacophora (3 ✕ 3 Mexico), Scaphopoda (46 ✕ 40 Mexico), Polyplacophora (67 ✕ 159 Mexico) and Cephalopoda (112 ✕ 111 Mexico).
NEMERTEA
Eight species (six endemics and all absents in Atlantic Brazil) within eight genera occur in Peru, three of these genera also in E Brazil an five news: Borlasia, Cuneonemertes, Euborlasia, Meckelia and Plionemertes.
BRACHIOPODA
Gob/PE (SEE) cites two spp. of this phyllum in Peru, the possibilities being the genera: Glottidia (MAP), Pelagodiscus (MAP) in Linguliformea, and Abyssorhyncha (MAP), Liothyrella (MAP), Abyssothyris (MAP), Melvicallatis (MAP), Macrandevia (MAP) and Magellania (MAP) in Rhynchonelliformea; all are absents in Brazil.
NEMATOMORPHA
8 spp. in three genera was collected in Peru (Schmidt-Rhaesa & Esther Buchwitz, Spixiana, 2021), all of these genera also in Brazil.
PHORONIDA
KYNORRHYNCHA
12 spp. was collected in Peru (Sánchez et al., Marine Biodiversity, 2022; Casaburrios et al., Zoologischer Anzeiger, 2022); Gob/PE (SEE) cites only two. With these numbers, Brazil would have 20 spp. (✕ 24 Mexico).
ONYCHOPHORA
All Peruvian Onychophora species (7, corrobored by Gob/PE, SEE) are Peripatidae in genus Oroperipautus (Icochea & Ramírez, RPE, 1996), genus with only two species in Brazil.
ECHINODERMATA
Peru add to Brazilian Echinodermata fauna six families, 51 genera and 190 spp. After the unification, Brazil would be 537 spp.: Ophiuroideae (190), Asteroideae (136), Echinoideae (85), Holothurioidae (109) and Crinoideae (17). Currently, 643 spp. are known from Mexico, in Ophiuroidea (197 ✕ 190 Brazil), Asteroidea (185 ✕ 136 Brazil), Echinoidea (119 ✕ 85 Brazil), Holothuroidea (113 ✕ 109 Brazil) and Crinoidea (29 ✕ 17 Brazil), by Solís-Marín et al. (Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America, 2012).
ASTEROIDEA ‣ Pacific coast add 13 genera and 59 spp.; shared Atlantic/Pacific species: Asteropecten brasiliensis, Cycethra verrucosa, Diplodontia singularis, Henricia obesa and H. studeri.
CRINOIDEA ‣ Pacific coast add a single species (Florometra magellanica, PHOTO), genus and family (Antedonidae).
ECHINOIDEA ‣ Pacific coast add three families (Aeropsidae, Kamptosomatidae and Palaeotripidae), 10 genera and 33 spp.; shared Atlantic/Pacific species: Loxechinus albus and Pseudechinus magellanicus.
HOLOTHUROIDEA ‣ Pacific coast add two families (Laetmogonidae and Myriotrochidae), 20 genera and 60 spp.; shared Atlantic/Pacific species: Hetrocucucmis geofroyi, Pseudocnus dubiosus, Trachythyone peruana, Pentamera chiloensis, Holothuria arenicola, H. impatiens, Mesothuria lactea, Deima validum, Benthodytes sanguinolenta, B. typica, Psychropotes longicauda, Molpadia musculus and Protankyra brychia.
OPHIURIODEA ‣ Pacific coast add 7 genera and 37 spp.; shared Atlantic/Pacific species: Amphipholis squamata, Ophiophragmus chilensis, Ophiactis savignyi, Ophiernus adspersus and Ophiura irrorata.
ARTHROPODA ‣ 16 classes; Gob/PE (SEE) cites 28,947 spp. in Peru. Remipedia does not occur in South America. No information about Branchipoda, Maxillopoda, Ostracoda, Symphyla, Pauropoda and Pycngonida.
CEPHALOCARIDA ‣ only one genus and species occur in Peru: Sandersiella (4), genus from Korea, Japan, Namibia and Peru, collected at 15º04' S, off Ica region (Hessler & Sanders, Crustaceana, 1973).
MALACOSTRACA ‣ Peru have (81:241/)403 spp. of Decapoda and (7:9/)15 spp. of Stomatopoda (Moscoso, Bol. Ins. Mar. Peru, 2012). 22 freshwater crabs occur in region, 7 endemics; all freshwater genera of shrimps also occur in Brazil (Kawai, Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Freshwater Crabs and Shrimps in South America, pg. 10, 2016). In Peru occur true hermit crabs, with Coenobita compressus H. Milne-Edwards, 1836, collected in Tumbes coast, by Ball (Rev. Biol. Trop., 1972).
DENDROBRANCHIATA: Peru adds 5 genera and 20 spp. for Brazil: one spp. of Benthesicymidae, 3 genera and 10 spp. in Penaeidae, 4 spp. of Sicyoniidae, one genus and 5 spp. of Solenoceridae.
CARIDEA: Peru adds one new family for Brazil: Gnathophyllidae, with one sp. in country; in Brazilian families, are 11 genera and 67 spp. added: two genera and 11 spp. in Alpheidae, 1 genera and 8 spp. in Hyppolytidae, one sp. in Ogyrididae, Nematocarcinidae, Rhynchocinetidae, Processidae and Bathypalaemonellidae each; one genus and 4 spp. in Crangonidae, two spp. in Glyphocrangonidae, three spp. in Oplophoridae, two genera (Chacella, Valeronia) and 19 spp. in Palaemonidae, three genera (Austropandalus, Pandalopsis, Pantomus affinis) and 10 spp. in Pandalidae, two genera (Glyphus, Psathyrocaris) and 5 spp. in Pasiphaeidae.
ASTACIDEA: Peru adds only one sp., Nephropsis occidentalis.
AXIIDAE: Peru adds three genera (Callianassa, Calastacus, Calocarides) and 7 spp.
GEBIIDAE: Peru add three Upogebia.
ACHELATA: Peru adds two Palinurus, one Scyllarides, one Evibacus and Acantharctus each (both new added genus).
POLYCHELIDA: Peru adds three species.
ANOMURA: Peru adds one new family for Brazil: Coenobitidae, with one sp. in country; in Brazilian families, are 10 genera and 83 spp.: three spp. in Chirostylidae; one genus (Pleuroncodes) and six spp. in Munididae; 12 spp. in Munidopsidae; three new genera (Allopetrolisthes, Liopetrolisthes, Orthochela) and 24 species in Porcellanidae; three new secies in Albuneidae; one sp. in Blepharipodidae; two spp. in Hippidae; three genera (Glyptolithodes, Lithodes, Neolithodes) and 11 spp. in Lithodidae; two genera (Aniculus, Trizopagurus) and 10 spp. in Diogenidae; 9 spp. in Paguridae; one genus (Probeebei) and two spp. in Parapaguridae.
BRACHYURA: Peru adds six new families, 52 genera and 162 spp.
Freshwater: Peru adds two genera (Hypolobocera, Moritschus) and 6 spp. in Pseudothelphusidae; and three spp. in Trichodactylidae (Fredilocarcinus musmuschiae, F. raddai and Zilchiopsis cryptoda).
Marine: Peru adds six new families, Trapeziidae, Dynomenidae, Corystidae and Atelecyclidae, both with one sp. in country, Percnidae (1/2) and Cancridae (3/4); two spp. in Dromiidae; Homolodromidae, Eriphiidae, Menippidae, Chasmocarcinidae and Cymonomidae one sp. each; one genus and two spp. in Raninidae; one genus (Hepatella) and 5 spp. in Aethridae; one genus (Acanthocyclus) and two spp. in Bellidae; two genera (Calappula, Platymera) and 4 spp. in Calappidae; 5 spp. in Ethusidae; two genera (Homalaspis, Peloeus) and 5 spp. of Platyxanthidae; two genera (Trizocarcinus, Villoplax) and three spp. in Euryplacidae; one genus (Leucosilia) and 8 spp. of Leucosiidae; ; 8 new genera (Eupleurodon, Lophorochinia, Chorilia, Delsolaria, Stratiolibinia, Neodoclea, Pisoides, Rhinocarcinus) and 16 new spp. in Epialtidae; 4 spp. in Inachioideae; one genus (Maiopsis) and 8 spp. in Majidae; 3 spp. in Palicidae; two genera (Hypolambrus, Mesorhoea) and 4 spp in Parthenopodae; 3 spp. in Pilumnidae; one genus (Euphylax) and 9 spp. in Portunidae; two spp. in Pilumnoididae; 4 genera (Odontoplax, Prionoplax, Lophoxanthus, Metopocarcinus) and 10 spp. in Panopeidae; one genus and two spp. in Pseudorhombilidae; 5 genera (Heteractaea, Cycloxanthops, Gaudichaudia, Leptodius, Paraxanthus) and 9 spp. of Xanthidae; one genus (Gecarcinus) and two spp. in Gecarcinidae; one genus (Leptograpsus) and three spp. in Grapsidae; two spp. in Plagusiidae; one sp. in Sesarmidae; one sp. in Varunidae; 20 spp. in Ocypodidae; one sp. in Ucididae; and three genera (Calyptraeotheres, Holothuriophilus, Pinnaxodes) and 7 spp. in Pinnotheridae.
INSECTA ‣ despite being outdated and imprecise, the most complete work on insects from Peru is Aguillar et al. (Rev. Per. Ent., 1995); with corrections in Collembola, Diplura and Lepidoptera, in region, by this work, occur 16,218 spp. No consistent information on complements to Brazilian fauna. For [1], Peru would add families Maindroniidae and Protrinemuridae in Zygentoma, Agatemeridae in Phasmida, Andesbeiidae in Embioptera, Melanthripidae in Tysanoptera, and more three pelagic Halobates. In Formicidae, by Ant Wiki (SEE), Brazilian diversity plus Peruvian endemics add at least 1,589 spp. and possibly none aditional genera, reaching to second diversity worldwide.CHILOPODA ‣ a checklist of all Chilopoda from Peru is available in Cupul-Magaña (Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 2014): 79 spp. in 25 genera of 11 families; for Brazil would be 61 news after unification, in Scutigeromorpha (2), Henicopidae (7), Lithobiidae (2), Cryptopidae (2), in Scolopendridae (15), Scolopocryptopidae (2), Ballophilidae (6), Geophilidae (15), Oryidae (2) and Schendylidae (8). After unification, Brazil would be 195 spp. (✕ 162 Mexico).DIPLOPODA ‣ few informations; all western families occur in Brazil [1].
ARACNIDA ‣ no data for Acari clades. In Amblypigy, Ricinulei and Palpigradi new states does not add any new genus to the expanded Brazil. No data for Thelyphonida.
In Scorpiones, 10 native scorpions occur simultaneously in Peru and Brazil (by scorpions.pl); Peru add a new family (Caraboctonidae), 4 new genera (Orobothriurus, Caraboctonus, Hadruroides and the endemic Parakutej) and 52 new species, keeping Brazil in 3rd position in diversity in species in the world (216).
In Pseudoscorpines, Brazilian diversity (173) plus endemics in Peru (25, Conference, 2020) reaches to 198 spp.
Using data from Brescovit et al. (Biota Neotropica, 2011), species from Brazil and Peru, combined, would reach a maximum of 5,014, still below the Chinese diversity (5,476). Peru would adds Cybaeidae and Liocranidae for Brazilian families.
Via Checklist of valid genera of Opiliones of the World (by Adriano Kury), Brazil unificated reaches at least up to 1,126 spp. of Opiliona, isolating more in the first position in the group's global diversity.
Only one Schizomida (Surazomus chavin) occur in Peru, and it´s endemic to country (Armas, BSEA, 2010).
In Solifugae, Peru would add three genera for Brazil: Mummucina (Ecuador to Chile), Chinchippus and Vempironiella, these two lasts monotypics and endemics to Andean region.
HEMICHORDATA
Gob/PE (SEE) cites one spp. in Peru, certainly Schizocardium peruvianum (SEE); Saxipendium coronatum (Harrimaniidae) is endemic to Ecuador (Woodwick & Sensenbaugh, PBSW, 1985), and Ptychodera flava, a widely species, in South America occur only in Galapagos (SEE).
TUNICATA
Three orders: Ascidiaceae, Appendicularia and Thaliaceae. Only 4 spp. of Ascidinas occur in Peru: Ciona intestinalis and Diplosoma listerianum (cosmopolitan), Botrylloides perspicuum (widely distributed in tropical and temperate Pacific waters), and Aplidium peruvianum (endemic, Sanalyan & Schories, Spixiana, 2004); only the first occur in Brazil. By Ayón (Progress in Oceanography, 2008), 12 Thaliacea (9 Salpida and three Doliolida, all also occur in Brazil except Helicosalpa komaii and Ritteriella picteti) and 8 Appendicularia (all occcur in Brazil) occur in Peru.
CEPHALOCHORDATA
Brazil unificated there are four Cephalochordata: Branchiostoma elongatum in former Peru (Ayón, Progress in Oceanography, 2008) and three in the same genera in Atlantic coast [1].
CRANIATA
ACTINOPTERIGII, ELASMOBRANCHII and ALLIES. ▸ Brazil has 1,229 spp. of Myxine, Elasmobranchi, Holocephali and Actinopteri in Atlantic, and Peru has 694 spp. of these four groups, of which 97 occur in both. So, Brazil overall has 1,897 spp., the 11ª position worldwide. Mexico has 2,115 spp.
Among freshwater fishes, there is no possibility of sum, but the amount 'Brazilian + Peruvian endemics' total up 3,736, keeping the first position. Considering all five fish clades, expanded Brazil would have 5,633 spp. (1ª worldwide).
Endemic marine fish would add up 111 (102 + 9), advancing from 10ª to 9ª position in the world ranking. The first position with freshwater fishes (2,469) would be maintained. No endemic marine fish genus would be added. Nine endemic genera of freshwater fish would be added, totaling 123. Novelties would be endemic genera in Chenuchidae (Geryichthys).
In freshwaters, a new family is Cyprinodontidae, with Orestias in South America, with 15 endemic species in Peru, also Astroblepidae and Gobiesocidae - Brazil expanded has 69 families with freshwater fishes. Among saltfishes, new 22 marine families added to the country, also 118 new genera, including two news in Holocephali (Chimaera, Rhynchochimaera). Two high novielties are: Heterodontiformes sharks, with Heterodontus franciscii from California, Baja California and possibly Ecuador and Pacific Brazil, H. mexicanus from Mexico to Peru, and H. quoyi from Peru and Galápagos; and Gonorhynchiformes, with the new Chanos chanos (SEE).
A single species of troglobitic fish would be added, Astroblepus riberae (from Cajamarca, SFW), in a new family in caves in Brazil, Astroblepidae.
Engraulis ringens (Engraulidae, Peruvian anchoveta) has yielded greater catches than any other single wild fish species in the world, with annual harvests varying between 3.14 and 8.32 million tonnes throughout the 2010s, and is the the most heavily exploited fish in wild in world history (Wikipedia); its occur only in Peru and Chile (MAP).
AMPHBIANS ▸ Brazil united to Peru woudld have 1,638 spp. of amphibians (1ª position worldwide), 1,580 Anura (1ª), 50 Gymnophiona (1ª) and 8 Urodela.
In Anura, Brazil after unification gains 17 genera in six families: Truebella (endemic) in Bufonidae; Centrolene (30, Colombia and Venezuela to Peru, and on the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela and the Guiana region), Chimerella (2, Ecuador, possibly into adjacent southern Colombia; also San Martín, Peru, 610 m elevation), Nymphargus (42, Andean slopes of Colombia and Ecuador and the eastern Andean slopes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia) and Rulyrana (6, Ecuador, Peru, and possibly into adjacent Bolivia; also in Colombia) in Centrolenidae; Colostethus (12, Panama to throughout most of Andean Colombia, south to central Ecuador; isolated population in Peru), Excidobates (3, Peru to Ecuador) and Leucostethus (11, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru) in Dendrobatidae; Hyloscirtus (38, Costa Rica, Colombia and Ecuador and Amazonian drainage of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia) in Hylidae; Bryophryne (11, Cuzco, Peru, 120-2,900 m elevation), Lynchius (8, S Ecuador and Peru, 2,215–3,100 m elevation), Niceforonia (15, Colombia southward through Ecuador to Peru and east into the Amazonian Basin in Ecuador and Peru), Phrynopus (35, Peru), Psychrophrynella (5, Cordillera Oriental in Peru), Qosqophryne (3, Cusco, Peru), Yunganastes (5, Peru to C Bolivia) in Strabomantidae; and Telmatobius (61, Ecuador to Chile and Argentina) in Telmatobiidae.
In all Brazilian families, the country would have the largest generic diversity in South America except in Alsodidae and Ceratophryidae (Brazil has one more less genera that Argentina), in Aromobatidae (Colombia and Venezuela has two genera more than Brazil, and Colombia has a endemic genus; Brazil has 30 spp., against 15 in Colombia), Centrolenidae (Colombia and Ecuador has 10 off 11 genera, Brazil only 8; Venezuela has one endemic genus; Brazil has 46 spp., and Colombia has 74), in Dendrobatidae (Colombia has 14 genera and 106 spp.; Brazil has 112 spp. in 8 genera; Adelphobates a endemic genus, expected for Bolivia; inc. 20 Hyloxalus).
Only in Alsodidae, Ceratophryidae and Centrolenidae Brazil no has the largest diversity of species, among Brazilian families.
Against Colombia and except Anura, Brazil has more or equal number of species in all genera except Bolitoglossa (25 ✕ 8), Oedipina (2 ✕ 0), Dermophis (1 ✕ 0) and Caecilia (20 ✕ 8).
REPTILES ▸ a species estimate for Brazil united to Peru would be the Brazilian (820, BM) + Peruvian endemic species (199, Intreasures): 1,019, 2ª diversity after Australia by 40 spp. (1,059, BM).
In endemics, would be 607 (408 + 199), also 2ª worldwide, 21 ahead Mexico (Intreasures). Only one Testudines, Kinosternon leucostomum, is added. Squamata genera (except Gymnophthalmidae and Ophidia) news for Brazil are Dicrodon, Medopheus, Callopistes (Teiidae), Microlophus (Tropiduridae), Morunassaurus (Hoplocercidae) and Ctenoblepharis (Liolaemidae).
Brazil would have the highest known record of a reptile species worldwide, a population of Liolaemus at 5,000-5,400m, in 'Copacabana' state (Cardeña et al., Herpetozoa, 2021). 5 new endemic genera of reptiles would be added, in Gymnophthalmidae (4) and Columbridae (1). Except Colubridae, only two genera of snakes wuold be added: Anomalepis (Anomalepididae, SEE) and Hydrophis (Elapidae).
With the merger, a new families would have endemic species in the country: Hoplocercidae (5). In Viperidae Peru would add 10 spp., being a new genus, Bothriechis, with Brazil totaling 42 spp. in the group (Mexico has 78). In Squamata except Ophidia Brazil would have at least 439 spp. (284 + 155, BR + ePR), and Mexico 311. Brazil would be at least 460 spp. of snakes (420 + 40, BR + ePR), Mexico has 438. Brazil wold have the plenity (genera and species) in Gekkonidae, Amphisbaenidae, Gymnophthalmidae, Hoplocercidae, Tropiduridae, Polychrotidae, Leptotyphlopidae, Elapidae, Anomalepitidae, Anilidae, and Phyllodactylidae (these with largest diversity of species worldwide and 14 spp. of Phyllodactylus; only Chile and Brazil has endemic genera); other families:
Sphaerodactylidae ‣ Brazil would have 23 spp. (manual counting BR + PR in RepFocus, 5 less than Venezuela); Sphaerodactylus has 5 spp. in Colombia.
Sincidae ‣ Brazil would have the largest diversity of genera worldwide and also two endemic genera, however would have 18 spp. and two subfamilies less than Mexico.
Anguidae ‣ Brazil would have only 5 spp. in two genera; Mexico has 52 spp. in six genera.
Teiidae ‣ Brazil would have 50 spp. (42 + 4 Ameiva, 1 Callopistes, 2 Dicrodon, 1 Medopheos) and the largest generic diversity; Mexico has 54 spp.
Leiosauridae ‣ Brazil would have two genera and species less than Argentina.
Iguanidae ‣ Mexico has 5 genera and 19 spp., Brazil would be only a single species.
Dactyloideae ‣ Brazil would have only 29 spp. (manual counting BR + PR in RepFocus, 48 less than Venezuela).
Lioalemidae ‣ Brazil would have two genera (one endemic) and only 28 spp., 183 less than Argentina.
Boiidae ‣ Brazil woud lead worldwide in species, and would have one genus less than Colombia.
Tropidophiidae ‣ Cuba has 16 spp., Brazil would have only three; Ecuador would have one genus more than Brazil.
Typhlopidae ‣ Cuba has 12 spp., Brazil would be only 7; Ecuador would have one genus more than Brazil. Caribbean leads in genera. Besides Typhlops, all New World countries has 0 or only 1 genus in this family.
Viperidae ‣ Brazil would have 41 spp. in 5 genera (third diversity worldwide); Mexico leads worldwide, with 77 spp. in nine genera, two endemics.
Colubridae ‣ Brazil would lead in genera and in Dipsadinae; Mexico would have 19 genera more than Brazil in Columbrinae, and two unbrazilian tribes (Sibinophiinae and Carpophiinae), both with one genera each in country.
Gekkonidae and Eublepharidae are disjunct in New World.
Crocodylidae in Brazil this family would occur only in Tumbes state, belonging the species Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, with only 22 individuals live in Brazilian territory among 122 km (Escobedo Galván, Rev. Peru. Biol., 2004).
Although extremely rare, sea snakes of the Hydrophis platurus L. (Elapidae) occur on the far north of the Peru with a recent record in northern coast (Quiñones, Check List, 2014).
Map of of remarkable new species after unification: visual records of Vultur gryphus (●) by eBird (SEE);Tremarctos ornatus (●), by Falconi et al. (Bear Biology, 2020); collections of Cryptotis montivagus (●), C. evaristoi (●), and C. peruviensis (●), these by Zaballos et al. (Zootaxa, 2018); Abrocoma cinerea (o), by Teta (Bol. Mus. Pará Emilio Goeldii, 2020); Crocodylus acutus (●), by Escobedo Galvan (Ecologia Aplicada, 2003); a accidental record of Hydrophis platurus (■), by Quinones et al. (Check List, 2014); density of wild Camelidae (Lama guanicoe and L. vicugna, gray layers) by TCP/LRA, 2005 (SEE); breeding colonies of Spheniscus humboldtii (●) by Vianna et al. (Marine Ornitology, 2014); and breeding colonies of the pinnipeds Otaria flavescens and Arctocephalus australis (●), by Oliveira (BOOK CHAPTER, 2011).
BIRDS ▸ after unification, considering all species, Brazil would reach exact 2,700 spp., almost 1/3 of the world diversity of the class. Considering only the genera that nest in countries, except Passeriformes, Brazil would lead Colombia (isolated or tied) in all families except Odonthophoridae.
SEVERAL NOTES
▪ in species, considering only breeding species in the country, there is a disadvantage in Odontophoridae, Columbidae, Cuculidae (Crotophaga, Coccycua, Coccyzus one each), Ardeidae (due to Tigrisoma mexicana), Trogonidae (due Pharomachrus fulgidus), and eight Passeriformes families.
▪ in Trochilidae, 35 new genera added: Adelomyia, Aglaeactis, Aglaiocercus, Boissonneaua, Chaetocercus, Chalcostigma, Chalybura, Ensifera, Eriocnemis, Eutoxeres, Haplophaedia, Heliangelus, Klais, Lafresnaya, Lesbia, Loddigesia, Metallura, Myrmia, Myrtis, Ocreatus, Opisthoprora, Oreonympha, Oreotrochilus, Patagona, Phlogophilus, Polyonymus, Pterophanes, Ramphomicron, Rhodopis, Schistes, Taphrolesbia, Taphrospilus, Thaumastura, Urochroa and Urosticte.
▪ in Parulidae, would be added 3 Basileuterus, Geothlypis auricularis, Myioborus melanocephalus and six Myiothlypis.
▪ in Cardinalidae, 6 spp would add.
▪ in Trochilidae, 41 genera does not occur in Brazil: Abeillia, Amazilia, Androdon, Anthocephala, Aphantochroa, Archilochus, Atthis, Basilinna, Calothorax, Calypte, Coeligena, Cyanophaia, Cynanthus, Damophila, Doricha, Elvira, Eugenes, Eulampis, Eulidia, Eupherusa, Goethalsia, Goldmania, Hylonympha, Lampornis, Lamprolaima, Lepidopyga, Leucippus, Mellisuga, Microchera, Microstilbon, Orthorhyncus, Oxypogon, Panterpe, Phaeochroa, Sappho, Selasphorus, Sephanoides, Saucerottia, Sternoclyta, Tilmatura and Trochilus.
▪ in Troglodytidae, 14 spp are added.
▪ in Cuculidae, two new added species: Coccyzus lansbergi and Crotophaga sulcirostris.
▪ in Nyctibiidae, one new added species: Nyctibius maculosus.
▪ in Columbidae, new species for Brazil would be: Patagioenas oenops, Columbina buckleyi, C. cruziana, Paraclaravis mondetoura, Metriopelia ceciliae, M. melanoptera, M. aymara, Leptotila ochraceiventris, L. pallida, Zentrygon frenata and Zenaida meloda.
▪ in Trogonidae, 4 spp. added: two in Pharomachrus and two in Trogon.
▪ in Momotidae, two spp. added, both in Momotus.
▪new breeding families includes Cinclidae, Thinocoridae, Spheniscidae, Pelicanidae, Diomedeidae, and Hydrobatidae.
▪ Mexican advantage in seabirds, after unification, resides only in endemic species.
▪ Brazil has 395 endemic species, the second amount worldwide. 11 new endemic genera of birds are added, in Trochilidae (5), Strigidae (1) and Passeriformes (5). With the merger, new families would have endemic species in the country: Podicipedidae (1) and Hydrobatidae (1).
REMARKABLE ADDED BIRDS
Vultur gryphus, Pelecanus thagus, Rupicola peruviana and Spheniscus humboldtii
Three spp. of flamingos occur in Peru: Phoenicoparrus jamesi Sclater, PL, 1886 and Phoenicoparrus andinus Philippi, 1854 occur in southern tip of western region, but no breeds in country except some erratic records of the latter species in Lake Salinas (Peruaves); Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina, 1792 breeds in Peru (apparently erratically, irregularly and in small numbers), Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and perhaps erratically in Paraguay (at least one breeding record, and perhaps increasing in the Chaco, with 5,200 wintering in 2005, R. P. Clay in litt. 2000, Lesterhuis et al. 2008), with a few wintering in Uruguay and SE Brazil, and vagrants in Ecuador and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). In the mid-1970s, the population was estimated at 500,000 birds, but more recent figures of 100,000 in Argentina, up to 30,000 in Chile, and tens of thousands in Peru and Bolivia, suggested that no more than 200,000 individuals might persist; however, coordinated surveys in 2010 found 283,000 individuals and estimated the total population at 300,000 (DATAZONE BIRDLIFE); for Vultur gryphus (Cathartidae), in Brazil, 301 individuals occur in 16 microregions, at Tumbes (Piura, Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), Huayhuash (La Libertad, Ancash, Lima, San Martín, Huanuco, Junin, Pasco, Huancavelica), Copacabana (Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac, Cusco and Puno), Atacama (Arequipa, Moquegua, Tacna), by SERFOR; a map with all records: eBrid (SEE); for Rupicola peruviana (Cotingidae), the records below follows Peru Aves (SEE); Spheniscus humboldti Meyen, 1834 has 80 colonies, 42 in Brazilin Pacific and 38 in Chile (Marine Ornitology, 2014).
MAMMALS ▸ Pacheco et al. (Revista Peruana de Biologia, 2020) lists 191 mammals in Peru except Rodentia and Chiroptera; 175 spp. would added in Brazilian list, leading Brazil to reach 823, the greatest diversity in the world. For historical records of all Carnivores in Peru, see Hurtado et al. (Mastozoologia Neotropical, 2016)
SEVARAL NOTES FOR REMARKABLE MAMMALS
- two pinnipeds breeds in coastal Pacific in Brazil. Otaria flavescens is the most abundant pinniped species with 118,220 individuals, followed by Arctocephalus australis with 15,317 individuals, in 12 important areas, from Isla Lobos de Tierra in Tumbes state up to Punta Coles in Atacama state (Oliveira, BOOK CHAPTER, 2011).
- for near c. 1,000 records of Tremarctos ornatus (Ursidae) in Peru, see Falconi et al. (Bear Biology, 2020).
- in South America occur only one genus of Eulipotyphla, Cryptotis, with 11 spp.; in Brazil occur only in foresty mountains of center Tumbes state; for data from Brazilian three species, see Zeballos et al. (Zootaxa, 2018).
- among wild Camelidae, there are c. 118,000 vicunas in Brazil, c. 4/5 in SE Huyahuash and Copacabana states, and c. 3,810 guanacoes, c. 3/5 in Arequipa and Ayacucho (TCP/RLA, 2005).
- Peru would add a genus, Tomopeas, and six spp. of Vespertilionidae (Myotis atacamensis, M. keaysi, Eptesicus fuscus, E. innoxius, Histiotus macrotus and Tomopeas ravus).
ADDED MAMMALS FAUNA
A ‣ new added species non-Cricetidae in Brazilian genera are 109: Dasypus pilosus (Cingulata), Tapirus pichanque (Perissodactyla), Lontra felina (Mustelidae), Leopardus jacobitus (Felidae), Lycalopex culpaeus, L. griseus, L. sechurae (Canidae), Mazama americana, M. chunyi (Cervidae), Didelphis marsupialis, Gracilinanus aceramarcae, Marmosa andersoni, M. robinsoni, M. rubra, Monodelphis adusta, M. osgoodi, Thylamys pallidior, T. tatei (Didelphiidae), Sylvilagus andinus (Lagomorpha), Leontocebus illigeri, L. lagonotus, L. leucogenys, L. nigrifrons, L. tripartitus, Cebus cuscinus, Aotus miconax, Plecturocebus discolor, P. oenanthe, Pithecia aequatorialis, Alouatta palliata (Primates), Mesoplodon ginkgodens, M. peruvianus (Ziphidae), Delphinus delphis, Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Delphinidae), Coendou bicolor (Erethizontidae), Cavia tschudii, Galea musteloides (Caviidae), Dasyprocta kalinowskii, Myoprocta exilis (Dasyproctidae), Cuniculus taczanowskii (Cuniculidae), Ctenomys leucodon, C. opimus, C. peruanus (Ctenomyidae), Sciurus pyrrhinus S. sanborni S. stramineus (Sciuridae), Dactylomys peruanus, Echimys rhipidurus, E. saturnus, Mesomys leniceps, Proechimys decumanus (Echymiidae), Myotis atacamensis, M. keaysi, Eptesicus fuscus, E. innoxius, Histiotus macrotus (Vespertilionidae), Molossus ater (Molossidae), 26 Phyllostomidae, and several Cricetidae: Rhipidomys (2), Sigmodon (1), Akodon (13), Calomys (2), Necromys (1), Nectomys (1), Oecomys (1), Oligoryzomys (3), Oxymycterus (3).
B ‣ new added species in new genera non-Cricetidae in Brazilian families are 55: Oreonax (O. flavicauda, Primates), Hippocamelus (H. antisensis, Cervidae), Pudu (P. mephistophiles, Cervidae), Tomopeas (T. ravus, Vespertilionidae), Mormopterus (M. kalinowskii, M. phrudus, Molossidae), Mormoops (M. megalophylla, Mormoopidae), Amorphochilus (A. schnablii, Furipteridae), Enchisthenes (E. hartii, Phyllostomidae) and Pattonomys (P. occasius, Echymidae) and some Cricetidae: Abrothrix (2), Aegialomys (1), Andinomys (1), Auliscomys (3), Chibchanomys (1), Chinchillula (1), Eligmodontia (1), Eremoryzomys (1), Galenomys (1), Handleyomys (1), Ichthyomys (1), Lenoxus (1), Melanomys (1), Microryzomys (2), Neotomys (1), Nephelomys (4), Neusticomys (1), Oreoryzomys (1), Phyllotis (7), Punomys (1), Thomasomys (12).
C ‣ new families or orders are 12: Cryptotis (3, Soricidae, Eulipotyphla), Tremarctos ornatus (Ursidae, Carnivora), Lama guanicoe, L. vicugna (Camelidae), Caenolestes caniventer, Lestoros inca (Caenolestidae), Chinchilla chinchilla, Lagidium peruanum, L. viscacia (Chinchillidae), Abrocoma cinerea (Abrocomidae).
CAVE FAUNA
Very little has been published about the troglobitic invertebrate fauna of Peru after unification; consulting White & Culver (Enciclopedia of Caves, 2019, 3th edition), the few references to the country refer to Ochyrocera, Priscula (Araneae) in region, Leptodesmus, Cyrtodesmidae, Epinanolene (these Milipeds), some Carabidae, Troglobacanius (Coleopptera), Tyrannochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones), Hyalella (Amphipoda), Aucayacuella (Opiliones) and Nemanereis cavernicola (Polychaeta).